Indicative – Present simple in Spanish

Indicative – Present simple in Spanish

The main use of the Present Simple is to express simultaneity between the action and the time in which it happened.

Examples:

 

Affirmative Form:

 

  • Esta es mi casa (This is my house)
  • Elías juega con Rodrigo (Elías plays with Rodrigo)
  • Ellos trabajan de lunes a sábado (They work from Monday to Saturday)
  • Nosotros bailamos salsa (We dance salsa)
  • Yo como verduras todos los días (I eat vegetables every day)
  • La niña, el niño, y sus padres oran antes de cenar (The girl, the boy and their parents pray before dinner)

 

Negative Form:

 

  • Esta no es mi casa (This isn’t my house)
  • Elías no juega con Rodrigo (Elías doesn’t play with Rodrigo)
  • Ellos no trabajan de lunes a sábado (They don’t work from Monday to Saturday)
  • Nosotros no bailamos salsa (We don’t dance salsa)
  • Yo no como verduras todos los días (I don’t eat vegetables every day)
  • La niña, el niño, y sus padres no oran antes de cenar (The girl, the boy and their parents don’t pray before dinner)

 

However, there are other uses of this tense.

 

Habitual. Actions performed regularly. They could happen at the moment of speaking, but they have occurred in the past and will again happen in the future.

Example:

  • El personal de esta empresa toma cursos de primeros auxilios (The stuff of this company takes first aid training)
  • Conduzco mi auto todos los días (I drive my car every day)

 

Historical. It is used to expressed past events but giving them a sense of being present facts. By the context, we know it is a past action.

Example:

  • Henry Ford nace en el seno de una familia pobre en 1863 (Henry Ford was born in a poor family in 1863)
  • En ese año empieza la gran crisis económica (In that year, the economic crisis started)

 

Atemporal. It doesn’t involve any specific chronological moment, but it reflects globally valid facts. It is mainly used to give definitions, descriptions or explanations:

Example:

  • Esa foto del siglo XVIII refleja a un hombre de avanzada edad, de apariencia saludable, pero con una mirada taciturna (That picture of the XVIII century reflects an elderly man, of healthy appearance but with a taciturn look)
  • Ella tiene el cabello largo y negro (She has long and black hair)

 

 

The Present Simple conjugation of the model regular verbs (ar, er, ir) is:

 

 

 

Amar

Correr

Yo

amo

corro

amas

corres

usted, él, ella

ama

corre

nosotros o nosotras

amamos

corremos

vosotros o vosotras

amáis

corréis

ustedes, ellos, ellas

aman

corren

 

 

 

Partir

Yo

parto

partes

usted, él, ella

parte

nosotros o nosotras

partimos

vosotros o vosotras

partís

ustedes, ellos, ellas

parten

 

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Indicative – Preterit vs. Imperfect in Spanish

Indicative – Preterit vs. Imperfect in Spanish

PRETERIT. It’s generally used for quick, specific actions.

(See more information on PRETERIT here)

 

Completed action:

Ex. Alemania ganó la copa mundial de fútbol hace 3 años (Germany won the Soccer World Cup 3 years ago)

 

 

Start or end of an action in the past:

Ex. La conferencia terminó a las 6 pm (The conference finished at 6 pm)

 

Abrupt change in emotion, time or situation:

Ex. De repente, ella se puso triste (Suddenly, she became very sad)

 

IMPERFECT. It’s generally used for long term actions, background and descriptions.

 (See more information on IMPERFECT here)

Repeated/habitual action:

Ex. Había un partido de fútbol cada sábado (There was a soccer game every Saturday)

 

Two concurrent actions:

Ex. Mientras yo trabajaba en la computadora, mi novia tocaba el piano (While I was working on the computer, my girlfriend was playing the piano)

 

Background details (including, time or age): 

Ex. Eran las once de la noche (It was 11 pm)

Ex. Ellos tenían 17 o 18 años (They were 17 or 18 years old)

 

Interaction of both tenses

 

Interrupting Action (Preterit):

Ex. Miguel estudiaba cuando sonó el teléfono  (Miguel was studying when the telephone rang)

 

Interrupted Action (Imperfect):

Ex. Miguel estudiaba cuando sonó el teléfono (Mike was studying when the telephone rang)

 

 

Contingent action (Preterit):

Ex. Como no tenía que trabajar fui al centro comercial (Since I didn’t have to work, I went to the shopping mall)

 

Pre-existing action or situation: (Imperfect):

Ex. Como no tenía que trabajar fui al centro comercial (Since I didn’t have to work, I went to the shopping mall)

 

 

EXERCISE:

 Complete the blanks with the correct conjugation (in preterit or imperfect) of the verbs in parentheses:

 

Ayer mi novio me (llamar) ______ para conversar sobre un viaje que nosotros (hacer) ______ el mes pasado a un sitio hermoso llamado EL PARAÍSO. Él me dijo: “Yo sé que tú no (querer) ______ ir, pero lo (pasar) ______ de maravilla, ¿cierto?  “¿Recuerdas que todas las mañanas nosotros (levantarse) ______ tarde, como a las once y media de la mañana, y tú (desayunar) ______ mantequilla y pan?  Pero yo siempre (pedir) ______ café sin azúcar y sin leche”.

Recuerdo que el segundo día nosotros (ir) ______ a ver el castillo LA CASONA, el más importante de la parte antigua de este pueblo.  LA CASONA siempre (ser) ______ un lugar popular para mis padres. Ese día, no (hacer) ______ mucho calor y nosotros (caminar) ______  por todo el castillo.  Mi novio (subir) ______ la torre más alta del castillo.  Yo no (ir) ______ porque los lugares altos me dan náuseas.  Yo (conocer) ______ a unos chicos de otro país, y, mientras mi novio (disfrutar) ______ en la torre, nosotros (hablar) ______ de la belleza de EL PARAÍSO. Después de dos horas, mi novio (regresar) ______ de la torre. Los chicos nos (invitar) ______ a un bar donde (bailar) ______ y (beber) ______ cerveza por varias horas.  ¡Qué momentos tan agradables!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Ayer mi novio me (llamar) LLAMÓ para conversar sobre un viaje que nosotros (hacer) HICIMOS el mes pasado a un sitio hermoso llamado EL PARAÍSO. Él me dijo: “Yo sé que tú no (querer) QUERÍAS ir, pero lo (pasar) PASAMOS de maravilla, ¿cierto?  “¿Recuerdas que todas las mañanas nosotros (levantarse) NOS LEVANTÁBAMOS tarde, como a las once y media de la mañana, y tú (desayunar) DESAYUNABAS mantequilla y pan?  Pero yo siempre (pedir) PEDÍA café sin azúcar y sin leche”.

Recuerdo que el segundo día nosotros (ir) FUIMOS a ver el castillo LA CASONA, el más importante de la parte antigua de este pueblo.  LA CASONA siempre (ser) ERA un lugar popular para mis padres. Ese día, no (hacer) HIZO mucho calor y nosotros (caminar) CAMINAMOS por todo el castillo.  Mi novio (subir) SUBIÓ la torre más alta del castillo.  Yo no (ir) FUI porque los lugares altos me dan náuseas.  Yo (conocer) CONOCÍ a unos chicos de otro país, y, mientras mi novio (disfrutar) DISFRUTABA en la torre, nosotros (hablar) HABLÁBAMOS de la belleza de EL PARAÍSO. Después de dos horas, mi novio (regresar) REGRESÓ de la torre. Los chicos nos (invitar) INVITARON a un bar donde (bailar) BAILAMOS y (beber) BEBIMOS cerveza por varias horas.  ¡Qué momentos tan agradables!

 

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Indicative – Imperfect in Spanish

Indicative – Imperfect in Spanish

The Imperfect is used to express long term, habitual or background actions as well as for descriptions and simultaneous actions happened in the past. This tense is specific to Spanish and there is not an exact counterpart in English.

(See comparison between PRETERIT and IMPERFECT here)

 

 

Examples:

 

  • Había un partido de fútbol cada sábado (There was a soccer game every Saturday)
  • Mientras yo leía,  my hermano escribía (While I was reading my brother was writing)
  • Eranlas once de la noche y hacía mucho frío (It was 11 pm and it was too cold)
  • Ellos tenían alrededor de 15 o 16 años (They were around 15 or 16 years old)
  • En ese tiempo, solía hacer más ejercicio (At that time, I was used to do more exercise)

 

 

The Imperfect conjugation of model regular verbs (ar, er, ir) is:

 

 

 

Amar

Correr

Yo

amaba

corría

amabas

corrías

usted, él, ella

amaba

corría

nosotros o nosotras

amábamos

corríamos

vosotros o vosotras

amábais

corríais

ustedes, ellos, ellas

amaban

corrían

 

 

 

Partir

Yo

partía

partías

usted, él, ella

partía

nosotros o nosotras

partíamos

vosotros o vosotras

partíais

ustedes, ellos, ellas

partían

 

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Indicative – Preterit in Spanish

Indicative – Preterit in Spanish

The Preterit is generally used to express completed actions, facts or universal truths happened in the past. Generally, at a specific time or date.

(See comparison between PRETERIT and IMPERFECT here)

 

 

 

Examples:

 

  • La empresa fabricó 10000 unidades el mes pasado (The company manufactured 10,000 units last month)
  • La película empezó a las 9 de la noche (The movie started at 9pm)
  • De repente, ella cambió de opinión (Suddenly, she changed her mind)
  • En verdad, ellos llegaron más temprano hoy (In fact, they came earlier today)
  • El estudiante compró un teléfono inteligente ayer (The student bought a smart phone yesterday)
  • ¿Llegaste tarde ayer? (Did you come late yesterday?)
  • Maria inició sus clases el lunes pasado (Maria started her classes last Monday)
  • El niño nació el 20 de agosto (The baby was born in August 20)
  • Él trabajó 12 horas el martes (He worked 12 hours on Tuesday)
  • No dormí bien anoche (I didn’t sleep well last night)

 

 

 

The Preterit conjugation of model regular verbs (ar, er, ir) is:

 

 

 

 AmarCorrer
Yoamécorrí
amastecorriste
usted, él, ellaamócorrió
nosotros o nosotrasamamoscorrimos
vosotros o vosotrasamastéiscorristeis
ustedes, ellos, ellasamaroncorrieron

 

 

 Partir
Yopartí
partiste
usted, él, ellapartió
nosotros o nosotraspartimos
vosotros o vosotraspartisteis
ustedes, ellos, ellaspartieron

 

 

 

 

 

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Do Chinese people eat frogs?

Do Chinese people eat frogs?

 

Before coming to China, I had the preconception that Chinese people used to eat whatever had any sign of life. That basically excluded only minerals.

Well, it’s a not a secret that people around the world eat exotic food and China is not the exception. Although I wasn’t able to corroborate myself this preconception, there are indeed many options for a “healthy” diet Chinese people enjoy, and one of the preferred delicacies is frogs.

They are kept in a fishbowl at the entrance of a restaurant, so customers can choose which ones to be prepared for them. They are of different colors (brownish, greenish and whitish) and sizes, but all of them look vibrant.

If you’re coming from a culture where the conventional habits, customs or behavior are the only correct ones, you may be astonished by just thinking on tasting an appealing dish of a brownish and crunchy frog.

And that was exactly me!

Only thinking in tearing with my teeth the tender flesh of a well-fed frog, made me feel nauseated.

 

 

However, after seeing many times people enjoying with such delight those batrachians, my thoughts started to change but not to the point of eating them but to understand why they are so “courageous.”

If we analyze this situation carefully, it’s not a big deal!

Frogs are just animals like others: Chicken, fish, pigs, cows, etc. The difference is I and many other people are not used to eat them and therefore it’s a normal reaction to reject something new that our bodies are not used to assimilate with ease.

 

I would say it’s a matter of negative autosuggestion caused for all what had been said about non-orthodox food.

 

After several years living in China, I opted to keep them absent from my daily diet!

 

However, I had to admit I was tempted to be part of the large number of people who eat these animals naturally, with no hesitation and overall with noticeable enjoyment. At first, I dared to stand in front of the fishbowl trying to select the best choice to give it to the restaurant cook, but few seconds later, something deep inside told me: “What the heck are you going to do?” and that was sufficient for me to desist and immediately run away.

This situation was repeated several times but with the same outcome. At that time, I realized the powerful influence our minds have on anything we want to do or not to do. Sometimes, the image of a frog on a dish, adorned with vegetables and sauce and still with the steam flowing towards my nose which captured the scrumptious smell was clear and consistent; nevertheless, it was just a momentary image that was gradually fading and finally disappeared.

 

 

But wait a moment!

It’s not true that you will be cheated in a restaurant with a disguised frog instead of your favorite chicken. That’s not going to happen simply because frog meat is more expensive than other type of meat such as chicken, fish or beef to mention only some. So, it’s not profitable for the restaurant owner to give you his most precious asset for a lower price.

Does it give you a sort of relief?

If not, don’t worry!

It’s up to you! Take it or leave it!

Nobody will force you to eat anything. You are completely free to satisfy yourself by just observing how many Chinese people devour these amphibians of hideous appearance but with nutritive components.

 

If you have some experiences or opinions on this regard, please share them on the comments below, so we can all learn from each other.

 

 Have you ever eaten frogs?

  • Do you consider frogs are healthy for human consumption?
  • What do you think of people who eat frogs?
  • Is this a matter of getting used to?

 

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